Course Syllabus
Click to Expand: Full Microbiology Syllabus (BOT-H-CC10-5-Th)
Semester V (Core)
BOT-H-CC10-5-Th – Microbiology (Theory) – 75 Marks / 3 Credits
1. Introduction to Microbiology
- Introduction to microbial world. Contributions of Anton von Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Alexander Fleming, Martinus William Beijerinck, Sergei N. Winogradsky, Selman A.Waksman, Paul Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, Edward Jenner.
- Systems of bacterial classification, Numerical taxonomy, Identifying characters for classification, General properties and principles of classification of microorganisms, Systematics of bacteria, Nutritional types [Definition and examples]. Isolation of pure cultures, Types of culture media, maintenance and preservation of bacterial cultures. Distinguishing features of Archaea and Bacteria. Characteristics of some major groups: Proteobacteria (Enterobacteria), Firmicutes, Mollicutes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Chlamydiae, mycoplasma. (8 lectures)
2. General Microbiology & Genetics
- Bacterial growth curve and generation time, Methods of Measurement of bacterial growth, batch, fed batch, continuous and synchronous growth. Physico-chemical factors influencing bacterial growth.Cell wall – chemical structure and differences between Gram +ve & Gram –ve bacteria,Endospore - formation, structure and function, Flagella (ultrastructure) & Pilli.
- Genetic Recombination (a) Transformation – with special emphasis on Natural and Induced competence and DNA uptake, (b) Conjugation – F– factor, F+ X F–, Hfr X F–, concept of F', chromosome mobilization, (c) Transduction – Generalised and specialized.Plasmids, types and function, their application in modern biology. CRISPR-CAS.. (10 lectures)
3. Economic Importance & Environmental Microbiology
- Bio-ethanol and bio-diesel production: commercial production from lignocellulosic waste, Biogas production: Methane and hydrogen production using microbial culture. Microorganisms in bioremediation: Degradation of xenobiotics, mineral recovery, removal of heavy metals from aqueous effluents.
- Microbes in phyllosphere, water - fresh and marine and air. Microbial interactions- symbiosis, synergism, commensalism, parasitism, amensalism, antagonism and predation. A general account of Endophytes and their interaction with host.
- Microbial spoilage of foods – meat, milk, fruits, vegetables and their products; Food poisoning and Food borne pathogenic bacteria- Salmonellosis, Botulism, Cholera, E.coli – poisoning.. (10 lectures)
4. Medical Microbiology
- Control of Microbes: Physical agents- Sunlight, Temperature, steam at atmospheric pressure and steam under pressure, irradiation, filtration.
- Chemical Agents - Alcohol, aldehyde, Dyes, Halogens, Phenols, Ethylene oxide.
- Principles of chemotherapy, general mode of action of various chemotherapeutic agents: Sulfa drugs, antibiotics - classification and mode of action.
- Normal microbial flora of the human body. (7 lectures)
5. Virology
- Discovery, physiochemical and biological characteristics; One step growth curve.Baltimore Classification, General structure with special reference to viroids and prions.
- Replication (general account); Lytic cycle (T4 phage) and Lysogenic cycle (Lambda phage), Significance of lysogeny.
- Plant virus - types, Transmission and translocation of Plant virus, Symptoms, Causal organism, Disease cycle and Control measures of Potato Virus Y (PVY), Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) .
- Economic importance of viruses with reference to vaccine production, role in research, medicine and diagnostics. (10 lectures)
Previous Year Questions
2025
BOTANY — HONOURS
Paper : DSCC-10
(Microbiology)
Full Marks : 75
1. Write short answers to any six of the following:
2 × 6
(a) What is Prion?
(b) Name one aerobic and one anaerobic endospore-forming bacteria.
(c) What is mean generation time?
(d) Differentiate between temperate and virulent phages.
(e) What is CRISPR-Cas?
(f) What is residant microbiota?
(g) What are chemolithotrophs? Cite one example.
(h) Name two pathogenic bacteria that causes food-borne gastroenteritis.
(i) Mention the contribution of Louis Pasteur in Microbiology.
2. Answer any three questions briefly:
5 × 3
(a) Draw and describe the different phases of bacterial growth in a batch culture. (5)
(b) Draw and describe the ultrastructure of bacterial flagella. (5)
(c) Classify antibiotics based on their mode of action and cite suitable examples. (5)
(d) What are Koch's postulates? (5)
(e) Distinguishing features of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. (5)
3. Answer any four questions:
12 × 4
(a) Comment on the chemical structure of the bacterial cell wall. Explain the major structural and chemical differences between cell walls of Gram(+)ve and Gram(-)ve bacteria. (8+4)
(b) Outline the commercial production of bio-ethanol from agricultural biomass. Highlight the role of microbial enzymes in degradation of lignocellulosic wastes. (6+6)
(c) Explain with suitable diagrams F⁺ × F⁻ and Hfr × F⁻ conjugation in E. coli. How does it help in genetic recombination? (8+4)
(d) Describe the infection cycle of a lytic bacteriophage with suitable diagrams. Mention the different modes of transmission of plant virus. (6+6)
(e) State the characteristics of an ideal chemotherapeutic agent. Discuss the mode of action of Phenol and Sulfa drugs on microbial growth. (6+6)
(f) Write short notes on the following: (4×3)
(i) Proteobacteria
(ii) Mollicutes
(iii) Chlamydiae.
(i) Proteobacteria
(ii) Mollicutes
(iii) Chlamydiae.
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