Course Syllabus
Click to Expand: Zoology Cell Biology Syllabus (DSCC-1)
Semester I (Core/Major)
ZOOLOGY — HONOURS — DSCC-1: Cell Biology – 75 Marks / 3 Credits
Unit 1: Plasma Membrane
- Structure of the Plasma Membrane: Lipid Bilayer (Phospholipids and Cholesterol), Peripheral and Integral membrane proteins, Glycolipids and Glycoproteins (basic concept of Glycocalyx). Fluid Mosaic Model with special reference to Lipid rafts, Mobility of membrane lipids (FRAP assay) and Mobility of Membrane Proteins (Frye-Edidin Experiment); Cell-cell junctions; Transport through plasma membrane. (8 Hours)
Unit 2: Cytoplasmic organelles I
- Basic concepts on Ultrastructure of ER, Golgi and Lysosome; Overview of Protein sorting; ER Morphology, Targeting proteins to ER, The Signal hypothesis; Insertion of proteins into ER membrane, Protein folding and processing in ER, Export of proteins and lipids from ER; Golgi Apparatus: Morphology, Protein glycosylation within Golgi, Protein sorting and export from Golgi apparatus; Lysosome: Polymorphism, Lysosomal acid hydrolases, Endocytosis and lysosome formation. (8 lectures)
Unit 3: Cytoplasmic organelles II
- Mitochondria: Structure; Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, Chemiosmotic hypothesis and Oxidative Phosphorylation with reference to ATP Synthase and ATP synthesis. Centrosome and its organization. (4 lectures)
Unit 4: Cytoskeleton
- Structure and Types: Microtubules, Actin filaments, and Intermediate filaments; Composition and function of ECM. (4 lectures)
Unit 5: Nucleus
- Nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex (transport not included), Kinetochore and centromeric DNA; Chromatin and levels of its packaging. Euchromatin & Heterochromatin. (5 lectures)
Unit 6: Nucleic Acids
- Structure and composition of DNA: Chargaff’s Rule; Hypo and Hyperchromic shift; Watson and Crick Model of the Three-Dimensional Structure of DNA. Different forms of DNA-A, B and Z DNA (comparative overview). RNA as the Genetic Material, Types and Function. (3 lectures)
Unit 7: DNA Replication
- Meselson–Stahl Experiment, DNA Replication in Prokaryotes [Bidirectional and discontinuous]; Enzymes/Proteins associated with Replication - Polymerase [I, II & III], Primase, Helicase, SSB, DNA ligase; RNA priming; End replication Problem and Replication of telomeres in eukaryotes. (10 lectures)
Unit 8: Tools and Techniques in Cell Biology
- Animal Cell Culture: Primary cell culture and Cell line. Subcellular fractionation and Ultracentrifugation. Freeze fracture Replication and Freeze Etching. Working Principle of Light Microscope: Brightfield, Phase contrast microscope, Fluorescence Microscope with reference to FRET; Working Principle of SEM & TEM. (4 lectures)
Previous Year Questions
2024
ZOOLOGY — HONOURS
Paper : DSCC-1
(Cell Biology)
Full Marks : 75
Section - A
1. Answer any ten questions :
2 × 10
(a) Distinguish between v-onc and c-onc.
(b) Which organelle is referred as the 'traffic police' of the cell and why?
(c) What is facilitated diffusion?
(d) Mention difference between SER and RER.
(e) What do you mean by resolution of a microscope?
(f) What is glycocalyx?
(g) Define cis-trans polarity of Golgi complex.
(h) Define carcinogens with example.
(i) Mention the role of APC/C.
(j) Define transmembrane protein with suitable example.
(k) What do you mean by second messenger? Give one example.
(l) What are Nucleoporins?
(m) Define obligatory heterochromatin. Give one example.
(n) Mention two pro-apoptotic and two anti-apoptotic proteins.
(o) Name any two enzymes associated with inner mitochondrial membrane.
Section - B
2. Write short notes on any three of the following :
5 × 3
(a) Structure and function of F₀ - F₁ Particle.
(b) Centrosome and its organization.
(c) RTK (ras-raf) pathway.
(d) Subcellular fractionation and Ultracentrifugation.
(e) Principle of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Section - C
Answer any four questions.
12 × 4
3. (a) Briefly discuss the fluid-mosaic model of plasma membrane with diagram.
(b) What are Lipid rafts?
(c) Write a note on polymorphism of lysosomes. (3+2)+2+3+2
(b) What are Lipid rafts?
(c) Write a note on polymorphism of lysosomes. (3+2)+2+3+2
4. (a) What do you mean by glycosylation of proteins? Briefly discuss the process of N-linked glycosylation with suitable diagram.
(b) What do you mean by respiratory poisons? Give one example.
(c) Distinguish between light microscope and electron microscope. (1+4)+(1+1)+5
(b) What do you mean by respiratory poisons? Give one example.
(c) Distinguish between light microscope and electron microscope. (1+4)+(1+1)+5
5. (a) Discuss the composition and function of different types of intermediate filaments.
(b) Write a brief note on zonula occludens.
(c) What are GAGs? (3+2)+3+4
(b) Write a brief note on zonula occludens.
(c) What are GAGs? (3+2)+3+4
6. (a) Write down the structural features of microtubules.
(b) What are the functions of ECM?
(c) Distinguish between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin. 3+3+6
(b) What are the functions of ECM?
(c) Distinguish between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin. 3+3+6
7. (a) Describe the 'Beads on a string' model of chromatin with diagram.
(b) Explain how MPF regulates the progression of cell cycle from G2 to M phase with diagram.
(c) What is Knudson's Two Hit hypothesis? (3+1)+(3+1)+4
(b) Explain how MPF regulates the progression of cell cycle from G2 to M phase with diagram.
(c) What is Knudson's Two Hit hypothesis? (3+1)+(3+1)+4
8. (a) Describe the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with suitable diagram.
(b) What are caspases? What is the reason behind the nomenclature 'caspase'?
(c) Distinguish between cell surface receptors and cytosolic receptors with examples. (4+1)+(2+1)+4
(b) What are caspases? What is the reason behind the nomenclature 'caspase'?
(c) Distinguish between cell surface receptors and cytosolic receptors with examples. (4+1)+(2+1)+4
9. (a) What is the principle of FRET?
(b) Calculate the minimum limit of resolution possible for a light microscope, if maximum value of numerical aperture is 1.10 and wavelength of light is 480 nm.
(c) Discuss the properties of cancer cells. 3+4+5
(b) Calculate the minimum limit of resolution possible for a light microscope, if maximum value of numerical aperture is 1.10 and wavelength of light is 480 nm.
(c) Discuss the properties of cancer cells. 3+4+5
2023
ZOOLOGY — HONOURS
Paper : DSCC-1
(Cell Biology)
Full Marks : 75
Section - A
1. Answer any ten questions :
2 × 10
(a) What are vSNARE and tSNARE?
(b) What do you mean by mitochondrial bottleneck?
(c) What is fixative? Mention its one use.
(d) State the functional importance of kinetochore.
(e) What is MTOC?
(f) Define second messenger. Give one example.
(g) What is MPF?
(h) What do you mean by primary cell culture?
(i) Write down the basic principle of FRAP.
(j) State two fundamental differences between phase contrast and standard bright-field microscope.
(k) What do you mean by primary and secondary lysosomes?
(l) What is apoptosome?
(m) Distinguish between endocrine and paracrine modes of cell signaling.
(n) Why mitochondria is referred as a semi-autonomous organelle?
(o) What do you mean by facultative heterochromatin? Give one example.
Section - B
2. Write short notes on any three of the following :
5 × 3
(a) Structure and function of Peroxisome.
(b) JAK / STAT pathway.
(c) Freeze fracture and freeze etching.
(d) Rb gene is the 'master brake' of the cell cycle.
(e) Nuclear pore complex.
Section - C
Answer any four questions.
12 × 4
3. (a) Briefly discuss the experiment of Frye and Edidin to prove mobility of proteins in the plasma membrane.
(b) Distinguish between an ion channel and transporter with example.
(c) Mention the role of COP I, COP II and clathrin coated vesicles in intracellular transport. 3½+2+(1½+1½+1½+1½)
(b) Distinguish between an ion channel and transporter with example.
(c) Mention the role of COP I, COP II and clathrin coated vesicles in intracellular transport. 3½+2+(1½+1½+1½+1½)
4. (a) What is 'signal hypothesis'?
(b) Describe co-translational protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum with suitable diagram.
(c) Briefly discuss the chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis. 2+(3+2)+5
(b) Describe co-translational protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum with suitable diagram.
(c) Briefly discuss the chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis. 2+(3+2)+5
5. (a) Write a note on 'Endosymbiotic hypothesis'.
(b) Distinguish between intermediate filaments and actin filaments.
(c) Give an account on the major classes of macromolecules that constitute the extracellular matrix. 3+2+7
(b) Distinguish between intermediate filaments and actin filaments.
(c) Give an account on the major classes of macromolecules that constitute the extracellular matrix. 3+2+7
6. (a) 'Dynamic instability of microtubules is controlled by GTP hydrolysis.'— Explain with suitable diagram.
(b) Discuss the different levels of chromatin packaging with suitable diagram. (3+1)+(4+4)
(b) Discuss the different levels of chromatin packaging with suitable diagram. (3+1)+(4+4)
7. (a) Briefly describe the chemical nature of lipids in plasma membrane.
(b) Describe the regulation of DNA replication during S-phase of a cell cycle with suitable diagram.
(c) Distinguish between proto-oncogene and tumour suppressor gene with example. 3+(3+1)+5
(b) Describe the regulation of DNA replication during S-phase of a cell cycle with suitable diagram.
(c) Distinguish between proto-oncogene and tumour suppressor gene with example. 3+(3+1)+5
8. (a) Describe the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis with suitable diagram.
(b) Briefly narrate the position effect variegation with example.
(c) What is numerical aperture of a microscope? Calculate the minimum limit of resolution possible for a light microscope, if maximum value of numerical aperture is 1.25 and wavelength of light is 450 nm. (3+1)+3+(1+2+2)
(b) Briefly narrate the position effect variegation with example.
(c) What is numerical aperture of a microscope? Calculate the minimum limit of resolution possible for a light microscope, if maximum value of numerical aperture is 1.25 and wavelength of light is 450 nm. (3+1)+3+(1+2+2)
9. (a) Discuss the role of P₅₃ in DNA damage checkpoint.
(b) Explain signal transduction through GPCR-adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway with suitable diagram.
(c) What do you mean by cryofixation? 3+(3+2)+4
(b) Explain signal transduction through GPCR-adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway with suitable diagram.
(c) What do you mean by cryofixation? 3+(3+2)+4
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