Course Syllabus
Click to Expand: Plant Anatomy & Embryology Syllabus
Semester III (DSC/Core)
BOT-H-CC4-3-Th – Plant Anatomy & Embryology – 75 Marks / 3 Credits
SECTION I: PLANT ANATOMY (50 marks)
1. Cell and Tissues
- 1.1 Cell wall: ultrastructure, chemical constituents; thickening of cell wall.
- 1.2 Tissues: meristems, simple and complex tissues, cambium - Structure and function.
- 1.3 Mechanical tissues and the principles governing their distribution in plants.
- 1.4 Stele: stelar types; leaf-trace and leaf-gap.
- 1.5 Stomata: origin and types (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; Stebbins and Khush, 1961). (14 lectures)
2. Primary and Secondary Growth
- 2.1 Primary structure of stem and root - monocot and dicot. Leaf - dorsiventral and isobilateral.
- 2.2 Secondary growth: normal (intra & extra-stelar), anomalous (stem of Bignonia, Boerhavia, Tecoma, Dracaena and root of Tinospora). (8 lectures)
3. Developmental and Ecological Anatomy
- 3.1 Organisation of shoot apex (Tunica–Corpus) and root apex (Korper-Kappe), plastochron.
- 3.2 Adaptive anatomical features of hydrophytes, xerophytes, halophytes. (6 lectures)
4. Scope of Plant Anatomy
- Application in systematics, forensics and pharmacognosy, brief idea on dendrochronology. (2 lectures)
SECTION II: EMBRYOLOGY (25 marks)
1. Pre-fertilisation and Post-fertilisation Changes
- 1.1 Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis.
- 1.2 Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis (monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic).
- 1.3 Pollen germination.
- 1.4 Pollen tube - growth, entry into ovule and discharge.
- 1.5 Double fertilization, post-fertilization changes. (10 lectures)
2. Embryo Development and Apomixis
- 2.1 Embryogenesis in Capsella.
- 2.2 Development of endosperm (3 types).
- 2.3 Apomixis - Apospory and Apogamy.
- 2.4 Polyembryony - different types. (5 lectures)
Previous Year Questions
2024
BOTANY — HONOURS
Paper : DSCC-4
(Plant Anatomy and Embryology)
Full Marks : 75
1. Answer any six questions from the following:
2 × 6
(a) Define Plastochron.
(b) How Phelloderm is formed?
(c) Define Apospory and Apogamy.
(d) What is ‘heartwood’?
(e) Distinguish between leaf trace and leaf gap.
(f) Distinguish between Apoplast and Symplast.
(g) Define Apomixis.
(h) What is Microgametogenesis?
(i) Distinguish between fascicular and interfascicular cambium.
2. Answer any three questions from the following:
5 × 3
(a) Discuss the types of stomata according to Stebbins and Khush (1961).
(b) Write a note on the secondary growth found in monocot stem.
(c) Give an overview of the ultrastructure of the cell wall of vascular plants.
(d) Write a note on adaptive anatomical features of xerophytes.
(e) Briefly describe three types of endosperm developments found in angiosperm.
3. Answer any four questions from the following:
12 × 4
(a) Write a note on mechanical tissues found in different plant organs. Explain with suitable diagrams the principles governing their distribution in plants. (4+8)
(b) Define stele. Describe different types of stele with examples and diagrams. (1+6+2+3)
(c) Discuss the secondary growth in the stems of Bignonia and Tecoma with diagrams. Comment on their adaptive advantages. (4+4+4)
(d) Diagrammatically represent the Korper-Kappe theory in relation to root apex organization. Write the adaptive anatomical features of halophytes. (8+4)
(e) What do you mean by ‘Dendrochronology’? Discuss, in brief, the different applications of plant anatomy in Systematics and Forensics. (2+5+5)
(f) With suitable diagram describe the embryogenesis in Capsella. Describe, in brief, the tetrasporic type of embryo sac development. (8+4)
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