Course Syllabus
Click to Expand: Archaegoniates (Theory) Syllabus
Semester IV (DSC/Core)
BOT-H-CC6-4-Th – Archaegoniates (Theory) – 75 Marks / 3 Credits
SECTION I: BRYOPHYTES (25 marks)
1. Introduction to Monosporangiophyta (Bryophytes)
- 1.1 Unifying features of archaegoniates; transition to land habit.
- 1.2 Origin of Alternation of Generations (Homologous and Antithetic theory).
- 1.3 Evolution of sporophytes (Progressive and Regressive concept).
- 1.4 Origin of bryophytes.
- 1.5 Bryophytes as bio indicators of pollution. (4 Lectures)
2. Classification
- Classification (Crandall-Stotler et al, 2009; Renzaglia et al, 2009,Goffinet et al, 2009;) up to class with diagnostic characters and examples. (2 Lectures)
3. Life History
- Gametophyte structure and reproduction, development and structure of sporophyte, spore dispersal in: 3.1 Riccia, 3.2 Marchantia, 3.3.Anthoceros, 3.4.Funaria. (2 Lectures)
SECTION II: PTERIDOPHYTES (25 marks)
1. General Account
- 1.1 Colonisation and rise of early land plants.
- 1.2 Origin and evolution of stellar structure.
- 1.3 Economic importance. (3 Lectures)
2. Life History
- Sporophyte structure, reproduction and structure of gametophyte in 2.1. Psilotum, 2.2. Lycopodium, 2.3. Selaginella, 2.4. Equisetum, 2.5. Pteris, 2.6. Marsilea. (6 Lectures)
- 3. Telome concept and its significance in the origin of different groups of Pteridophytes. (4 Lectures)
- 4. Heterospory and origin of seed habit. (2 Lectures)
SECTION III: GYMNOSPERMS (25 marks)
1. Progymnosperms
- Diagnostic characters of the group.
- 1.1 Vegetative and reproductive features of Archaeopteris.
- 1.2 Phylogenetic importance. (6 Lectures)
2. Life History
- Distribution in India; vegetative, anatomical and reproductive structures of sporophyte, development of gametophyte in : 2.1. Cycas, 2.2. Pinus, 2.3. Ginkgo and 2.4. Gnetum. (10 Lectures)
- 3. Pollination and Embryogeny of gymnosperms. (2 Lectures)
- 4. Phylogeny: Evolutionary significance of gymnosperms. (2 Lectures)
Previous Year Questions
2025
BOTANY — HONOURS
Paper : DSCC-6
(Archaegoniates)
Full Marks : 75
1. Answer any six questions:
2 × 6
(a) Define Columella. State one of its function. (1+1)
(b) Name the classes of Bryophyta classified by Renzaglia et.al. (2009). (2)
(c) Differentiate between eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns. (2)
(d) Name two Indian species of Cycas. (2)
(e) Distinguish between Elater and Pseudoelater. (2)
(f) What do diplolepidous epicranoid peristome teeth mean? Give an example. (1+1)
(g) Which geological period is usually considered as the period of land plants? (2)
(h) What is massulae and where is it found? (1+1)
(i) What is carinal canal? In which pteridophyte is it found? (1+1)
2. Answer any three questions:
5 × 3
(a) Briefly discuss the phylogenetic importance of Progymnosperms. (5)
(b) Elaborate the homologous theory on origin of alternation of generations in Bryophytes. (5)
(c) Describe the gametophyte of Psilotum with suitable diagram. (3+2)
(d) Write a short note on Bryophytes as bio-indicators of pollution. (5)
(e) State some economic importance of Pteridophytes. (5)
3. Answer any four questions:
12 × 4
(a) Mention five angiospermic characters of Gnetum. Give an account of the development of female gametophyte in Ginkgo with suitable illustrations. (5+5+2)
(b) Give an illustrated account on the structure and development of sporophyte in Anthoceros. State some phylogenetically advance features present in the sporophyte of Anthoceros. (5+4+3)
(c) What is heterospory? How heterospory laid the foundation for the evolution of seed? Provide suitable diagram. (2+7+3)
(d) Discuss the evolution of stelar structure in Pteridophytes. Mention the morphological nature of Synangium in Psilotum. (8+4)
(e) Discuss the significance of Telome concept on the origin of different groups of Pteridophytes. Compare the structure of gametophytes in Lycopodium and Selaginella. (6+6)
(f) Briefly elucidate the development of gametophyte in Cycas and Pinus. Describe the reproductive structure of Archaeopteris. (8+4)
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